Performing an effective literature search to obtain the best available evidence is the basis of any evidence-based discipline, in particular evidence-based medicine (Sackett Reference Sackett1997; McKeever Reference McKeever, Nguyen and Peterson2015). The review question will guide not only the search strategy, but also the conclusions that can be drawn from the review, as these will depend on which studies or other forms of evidence are included and excluded from the literature review. Beyond looking at the research findings obtained in academia, an assessment of the policies and practices implemented by the authorities and industry was undertaken. 2020. How to carry out a literature search for a systematic... Reference Turner, Matthews and Linardatos, Reference Whittington, Kendall and Fonagy, Reference Richardson, Wilson and Nishikawa, Reference Dickersin, Manheimer and Wieland, Reference Cipriani, Saunders and Attenburrow, Reference Suarez-Almazor, Belseck and Homik, Reference Alberani, De Castro Pietrangeli and Mazza, Reference Scherer, Langenberg and von Elm, The use of grey literature in health sciences: a preliminary survey, Bulletin of the Medical Library Association, Quality and impact of secondary information in promoting evidence-based clinical practice: a cross-sectional study about EBMH, Clear and present questions: formulating questions for evidence based practice, Comparing the coverage, recall, and precision of searches for 120 systematic reviews in Embase, MEDLINE, and Google Scholar: a prospective study, Ketamine and other glutamate receptor modulators for depression in adults, A systematic review of calcium channel antagonists in bipolar disorder and some considerations for their future development, Comparative efficacy and tolerability of antidepressants for major depressive disorder in children and adolescents: a network meta-analysis, Formulating the evidence based practice question: a review of the frameworks, Evidence Based Library and Information Practice, Publication bias: the problem that won't go away, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, Development of the Cochrane Collaboration's CENTRAL Register of controlled clinical trials, Hydroxyzine for generalised anxiety disorder, The role of Google scholar in evidence reviews and its applicability to grey literature searching, Handsearching versus electronic searching to identify reports of randomized trials, Demystifying the search button: a comprehensive PubMed search strategy for performing an exhaustive literature review, Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition, Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement, A review of ketamine in affective disorders: Current evidence of clinical efficacy, limitations of use and preclinical evidence on proposed mechanisms of action, The well-built clinical question: a key to evidence-based decisions, Full publication of results initially presented in abstracts, Dissemination and publication of research findings: an updated review of related biases, Identifying clinical trials in the medical literature with electronic databases: MEDLINE alone is not enough, Selective publication of antidepressant trials and its influence on apparent efficacy, Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in childhood depression: systematic review of published versus unpublished data, How CLIP became ECLIPSE: a mnemonic to assist in searching for health policy/management information. There are a number of databases that can be searched for literature, but the identification of relevant sources is dependent on the clinical or research question (different databases have different focuses, from more biology to more social science oriented) and the type of evidence that is sought (i.e. "isLogged": "0", The PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) statement was developed to standardise the reporting of systematic reviews (Moher Reference Moher, Liberati and Tetzlaff2009). Sets of terms can be created for each concept, for example the population of interest: (bipolar disorder OR bipolar depression). Searching MEDLINE alone would have resulted in 25% of available CCTs being missed and searching Embase alone would have resulted in 15% of CCTs being missed. It is important to search unpublished literature to reduce publication bias, which occurs because of a tendency for authors and journals to preferentially publish statistically significant studies (Dickersin Reference Dickersin and Min1993). This not only improves the reliability and accuracy of the review, but also means that if the review is replicated, the difference in reviewers should have little effect, as they will use an identical search strategy. Bauer, Sara It builds on previous knowledge and is self-corrective, c. It adheres to standards that allow for comparative analysis, a. For example, an older paper might refer to ‘manic depression’, but would be categorised under the term ‘bipolar disorder’ when catalogued in MEDLINE. In a systematic review of a treatment: (a) we need a clear statement of the question; (b) published studies can be found by computer literature search; (c) all unpublished studies should be included; (d) unpublished studies are likely to include larger treatment differences than published ones; (e) papers published in English should be given most weight in the analysis. Table 1. Individual database records may be assigned several different standardised search terms that describe the same or similar concepts (e.g. It will also focus on how to search not only the published but also the unpublished literature using a number of online resources. Boolean operators allow standardised search terms and free-text terms to be combined. All of the following statements argue for evidence-based practice EXCEPT: a. "openAccess": "0", ‘Such a review limits the bias that may exist in studies that are specific to time, sample and context, or are of questionable quality ’. Systematic reviews are focused on a single topic b. Before conducting a comprehensive literature search, a scoping search of the literature using just one or two databases (such as PubMed or MEDLINE) can provide valuable information as to how much literature for a given review question already exists. • MEDLINE and Embase are the two main biomedical literature databases. C. Include systematically all the relevant articles in the literature. A number of pharmaceutical companies now share data from company-sponsored clinical trials. 3 To identify studies from a topic in general medicine, it would be most appropriate to search: a the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), d the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL). Systematic reviews adhere to a strict scientific design based on pre-specified and reproducible methods. hypomani* or mania* or manic* – see truncation and wildcard functions below and Fig. However, it is possible that in the database some RCTs are not labelled as such, so they will not be picked up by the filtered search. In the same way, date filters can be used to update a literature search since the last time it was conducted. Numbers in bold give the number of citations retrieved by each search. Multiple choice questions: A literature review on the optimal number of options However, a balance between the sensitivity of a search (an attempt to retrieve all relevant literature in an extensive search) and the specificity of a search (an attempt to retrieve a more manageable number of relevant citations) is optimal. More advanced searches allow one to specify further search fields such as the status of studies, study type and age of participants. • Understand the purpose of conducting a literature search and its integral part of the literature review process, • Become aware of the range of sources that are available, including electronic databases of published data and trial registries to identify unpublished data, • Understand how to develop a search strategy and apply appropriate search terms to interrogate electronic databases or trial registries. A number of frameworks can be used to break the review question into concepts. Authors: Xuan Zhang, Ran Tan, Wai Ching Lam, Chung Wah Cheng, Liang Yao, Xiao-Qin Wang, Si-Yao Li, Qi-Ying Aixinjueluo, Ke-Hu Yang, Hong-Cai Shang, Tai-Xiang Wu, Ai-Ping Lyu and Zhao-Xiang Bian. A systematic literature review (SLR) identifies, selects and critically appraises research in order to answer a clearly formulated question (Dewey, A. The examples of specific databases given here are by no means exhaustive, but they are popular and likely to be used for literature searching in medicine, psychiatry and psychology. Deconstruction of textual coherence, 3. Always check with a supervisor and discuss if you are unsure. A systematic review (also systematic literature review or structured literature review, SLR) is a literature review focused on a research question that tries to identify, appraise, select and synthesize all high quality research evidence relevant to that question. • The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) hosts the most comprehensive source of randomised and quasi-randomised controlled trials. Copyright © The Royal College of Psychiatrists 2018, Hostname: page-component-546c57c664-mhvhn systematic reviews, unlike other types of reviews, are a process of developing, testing, & adhering to a protocol with explicit rules for gathering data - the research evidence - from studies that address a particular problem True 3 Is a systematic review of evidence from qualitative studies also known as a meta-analysis? Systematically and transparently collects and categorizes existing evidence on a broad question of policy or management importance.. May critically evaluate existing evidence, but does not attempt to synthesize the results in the way a systematic review would. Sources should therefore be selected to minimise the possibility of bias, and supplementary search techniques should be used in addition to electronic database searching to ensure that an extensive review of the literature has been carried out. Filters can help reduce the number of references retrieved by the search, but using just one term is not 100% sensitive, especially if only one database is used (i.e. However, the search engine does not use standardised search terms that have been tagged as in traditional databases and therefore variations of keywords should always be searched. "metrics": true, Even when journals are indexed in electronic databases, it can be difficult to identify all relevant studies without an effective search strategy. FIG 3 Example of Boolean operator concepts (the resulting search is the light red shaded area). Direct communication with authors of published papers could produce both additional data omitted from published studies and other unpublished studies. PubMed, developed by the National Center for Biotechnology Information of the US National Library of Medicine, provides access to a free version of MEDLINE and is accessible to researchers, clinicians and the public. The World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (WHO ICTRP; www.who.int/ictrp) provides access to a central database bringing a number of these national and international trial registers together. Constructing intertextual. Mention all the scholarly opinion that exists on the topic or subject. Although some of the evidence on this register is also included in Embase and MEDLINE, there are over 150 000 reports indexed from other sources, such as conference proceedings and trial registers, that would otherwise be less accessible (Dickersin Reference Dickersin, Manheimer and Wieland2002). The standard of scientific rigor consists of all of the following EXCEPT: In addition to science (theory and research) all of the following factors influence decision-making in macro practice. Literature reviews can be narrative or systematic, with narrative reviews aiming to provide a descriptive overview of selected literature, without undertaking a systematic literature search. Aghajani Delavar, Mouloud Problematizing the situation, 4. some databases report only randomised controlled trials). Treatment choice is now a condition of competent practice, b. Evidence-based practice guarantees a successful treatment outcome, c. Clients benefit when they are aware of theoretically sound and empirically verified diverse treatments. In all cases, a clear rationale should be outlined in the review protocol for the sources chosen (the expertise of an information scientist is valuable in this process). 4th Semester Model MCQ Fourth paper 1. Google Scholar alone has not been shown to retrieve more literature than other traditional databases discussed in this article and therefore should be used in addition to other sources (Bramer Reference Bramer, Giustini and Kramer2016). d. All of the above influence decision-making in macro practice. Garousi, Vahid • wild cards substitute one letter within a word to retrieve alternative spellings: for example, ‘wom?n’ would retrieve the terms ‘woman’ and ‘women’. Systematic reviews are a type of evidence synthesis which formulate research questions that are broad or narrow in scope, and identify and synthesize data that directly relate to the systematic review question. * Views captured on Cambridge Core between 01st March 2018 - 18th December 2020. View all Google Scholar citations The summary statistics (effect size) that are usually used to measure treatment effect include . It is also important to search unpublished literature to reduce publication bias, which occurs from a tendency for authors and journals to preferentially publish statistically significant studies. and Systematic reviews therefore require a priori strategies to search the literature, with predefined criteria for included and excluded studies that should be reported in full detail in a review protocol. True. Important methodological considerations (such as study design) may also be included in the search strategy. 45 A systematic literature review is: A One which starts in your own library, then goes to on-line databases and, finally, to the internet. Query parameters: { The main difference between literature review and systematic review is their focus on the research question; a systematic review is focused on a specific research question whereas a literature review … They found that published data suggested favourable risk–benefit profiles for SSRIs in this population, but the addition of unpublished data indicated that risk outweighed treatment benefits. In another relevant publication, Whittington et al (Reference Whittington, Kendall and Fonagy2004) compared the risks and benefits of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) in the treatment of depression in children. In this guide for clinicians and researchers on how to perform a literature search we use a working example about efficacy of an intervention for bipolar disorder to demonstrate the search techniques outlined. However, if at least one term from each set of concepts is not identified from the title or abstract of an article, this article will not be identified by the search strategy. Methods: A systematic database search was done using the following question as a framework: How many options are optimal for multiple choice questions? Language filters can restrict retrieval of articles to the English language, although if language is not an inclusion criterion it should not be restricted, to avoid language bias. A disadvantage of free-text terms is that they are only searched for in the title and abstracts of database records, and not in the full texts, meaning that when a free-text word is used only in the body of an article, it will not be retrieved in the search. In addition, not all systematic reviews are of the same quality. Total loading time: 0.348 Article PDF Available Literature Review. Anyway, the whole point of a literature review is to show what we have read and what we thought about it. Parente, Serena The purpose of this systematic review is … for this article. However, with a vast and growing volume of published research available, searching the literature can be challenging. "languageSwitch": true By contrast, systematic reviews use explicit and replicable methods in order to retrieve all available literature pertaining to a specific topic to answer a defined question (Higgins Reference Higgins and Green2011). A systematic literature review is: "comments": true, In addition, supplementing electronic database searches with unpublished literature searches (see ‘Obtaining unpublished literature’ below) is likely to reduce publication bias. Figure 2 shows an example search strategy incorporating many of the concepts described above. Systematic reviews (SRs) on moxibustion are increasing. • OR – this operator is used to broaden a search, finding articles that contain at least one of the search terms within a concept. MEDLINE). } A systematic literature review is: a) one which generates a literature review using a treasure hunt system. Dependent on the databases and supplementary sources chosen, filters can be used to search the literature by study design (see ‘Searching electronic databases’). Systematic Reviews / Meta-analyses In some fields, especially medically related, it can be very hard to obtain “ideal” sample sizes and experimental designs, and this can lead to many studies on a topic being published with weak or conflicting findings. Box 1 also provides a website link to a couple of video tutorials for searching electronic databases. • variants in spelling (e.g. In both MEDLINE and Embase an ‘explode’ command enables the database to search for a requested term, as well as specific related terms. Even when journals are indexed in electronic databases, it can be difficult to identify all relevant studies without an effective search strategy (Hopewell Reference Hopewell, Clarke and Lefebvre2007). A. Although conference abstracts are not indexed in most major electronic databases, they are available in databases such as BIOSIS Previews (Box 1). please note, this is a very loose outline, be sure to speak with your supervisor to ensure that their requirements are met and that specific elements of your literature review/research are covered. Scherer, Ronny Just as the rest of a well-conducted systematic review, the search strategy used needs to be explicit and detailed such that it could reproduced using the same methodology, with exactly the same results, or updated at a later time. a. ClinicalTrials.gov (clinicaltrials.gov) provides access to information on public and privately conducted clinical trials in humans. How to write a systematic literature review: a guide for medical students Why write a systematic review? Although high-quality reviews do make efforts to obtain and include unpublished data, this does have potential disadvantages: the data may be incomplete and are likely not to have been peer-reviewed. The search strategy should define how relevant literature will be identified. It should be relevant to the topic and written from secondary sources. We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Prozac or fluoxetine). Your focus should only be on relevant academic literature. The systematic review should follow a clearly defined protocol or plan where the criteria is clearly stated before the review is conducted. "subject": true, Both MeSH and Emtree have their own peculiarities, with variations in thesaurus and indexing terms. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings. A broad question may produce an imprecise search, with many false-positive search results. Congera, Paola However, with a vast and growing volume of published research available, searching the literature can be challenging. e a step-by-step process of identifying the earliest published literature through to the latest published literature. If you have answered yes to any of the questions above, it may be that you are doing a systematic literature review rather than a systematic review. and In addition, there are a number of subject- and discipline-specific databases. Other frameworks exist that may be more appropriate for questions about health policy and management, such as ECLIPSE (expectation, client group, location, impact, professionals, service) (Wildridge Reference Wildridge and Bell2002) or SPICE (setting, perspective, intervention, comparison, evaluation) for service evaluation (Booth Reference Booth2006). MCQ in evidence-based practice Samir Haffar M.D. One such is the PICO (population, intervention, comparator and outcome) framework, developed to answer clinical questions such as the effectiveness of a clinical intervention (Richardson Reference Richardson, Wilson and Nishikawa1995). There are three main Boolean operators – AND, OR and NOT (Fig. This is particularly relevant when using limits and filters. It can be searched in much the same way as ClinicalTrials.gov. randomised controlled trial, RCT), only the articles labelled in this way will be selected. The literature review is a section in dissertation or research paper where you need to summarise existing research information of different scholars. a) 1 and 2. b) 2 and 3. c) 1 and 3. d) 2 and 4. Using an overly narrow search also increases the chances of missing important studies. FIG 1 Search terms and hierarchical structure of MeSH (medical subject heading) in MEDLINE and PubMed. and #. C One which gives equal attention to the principal contributors to the area. Schiano Moriello, Nicola Eli-Lilly provides clinical trial results both on its website (www.lillytrialguide.com) and in external registries. Results for both published and unpublished studies can be found for many trials on the register, in addition to information about studies that are ongoing. d. Systematic reviews differ from narrative reviews in that they attend to the rigor of the research design . Suarez-Almazor and colleagues demonstrated that, in a search for controlled clinical trials (CCTs) for rheumatoid arthritis, osteoporosis and lower back pain, only 67% of available citations were found by both Embase and MEDLINE. It’s common to confuse systematic and literature reviews because both are used to provide a summary of the existent literature or research on a specific topic. discovered problems? GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) is transparent in the sharing of its data from clinical studies and hosts its own clinical study register (www.gsk-clinicalstudyregister.com). However, the overarching methods described are purposefully broad to make them accessible to all clinicians and researchers, regardless of their research or clinical question. 2020. In the absence of a MeSH heading for a particular term, free-text terms could be used. A systematic review is a complex piece of research that aims to identify, select and synthesise all research published on a particular question or topic. A paradigmatic example demonstrating the importance of capturing unpublished data is that of Turner et al (Reference Turner, Matthews and Linardatos2008), who showed that using only published data in their meta-analysis led to effect sizes for antidepressants that were one-third (32%) larger than effect sizes derived from combining both published and unpublished data. Truncation and wildcard functions can be used in most databases to capture variations in language: • truncation allows the stem of a word that may have variant endings to be searched: for example, a search for depress* uses truncation to retrieve articles that mention both depression and depressive; truncation symbols may vary by database, but common symbols include: *, ! There are advantages and disadvantages to using a web search engine such as Google Scholar. B. "crossMark": true, Evidence maps and systematic maps. We thank Sarah Stockton for her help in drafting this article. Parentheses are used to build up search terms, with words within parentheses treated as a unit. For instance, if the search strategy is confined to one study design term only (e.g. This is called citation searching or backward searching, and it can be used to see where particular research topics led others. It is also important to note that, although reviewers should make every effort to find unpublished data in an effort to minimise publication bias, there is still likely to remain a degree of this bias in the studies selected for a systematic review. PubMed comprises medical and biomedical literature indexed in MEDLINE, but provides additional access to life science journals and e-books. These registries include both published and previously unpublished studies. Therefore from the outset, choices should be made about the remit of the review, which will in turn affect the search. literature that is not formally published in journals or books (Alberani Reference Alberani, De Castro Pietrangeli and Mazza1990). Use explicit method. It is noteworthy that ‘outcome’ concepts of the PICO framework are less often used in a search strategy as they are less well defined in the titles and abstracts of available literature (Higgins Reference Higgins and Green2011). A number of filters exist to focus a search, including language, date and study design or study focus filters. These search results may be too heterogeneous to evaluate in one review. Feature Flags last update: Fri Dec 18 2020 20:01:32 GMT+0000 (Coordinated Universal Time) If the original search strategy is of poor quality methodologically, original data are likely to have been missed and the search should not simply be updated (compare, for example, Naughton et al (Reference Naughton, Clarke and O'Leary2014) and Caddy et al (Reference Caddy, Amit and McCloud2015) on ketamine for treatment-resistant depression). The distinction between a systematic literature review and a literature review can often be confusing. The following table provides a detailed explanation as well as the differences between systematic and literature reviews. Searching techniques differ for each company and hand-searching through documents is often required to identify studies. Improving the fairness of multiple-choice questions: A literature review . d. Systematic reviews differ from narrative reviews in that they attend to the rigor of the research design, a. Empiricism is necessary but not sufficient to build knowledge, b. Although PICO is widely used, it is not a suitable framework for identifying key elements of all questions in the medical field, and minor adaptations are necessary to enable the structuring of different questions. d. Knowledge of what is the matter and possible solutions add to the client"s ability to make an informed decision. Siddiq, Fazilat "relatedCommentaries": true, 4. Google Scholar allows basic Boolean operators to be used in strings of search terms. https://www.ebsco.com/products/research-databases/amed-the-allied-and-complementary-medicine-database, https://www.lilly.com/clinical-study-report-csr-synopses, http://libguides.kcl.ac.uk/ld.php?content_id=17678464, https://hsl.lib.umn.edu/biomed/help/nursing, http://library.buffalo.edu/hsl/services/instruction/tutorials.html, http://library.medicine.yale.edu/tutorials/1559. 2 Example of a literature search randomised controlled trial, RCT ), b and... Published online by Cambridge University Press: 01 March 2018 - 18th December.... ) can be challenging with caution Press: 01 March 2018 - 18th 2020... To build up search terms that describe the same quality of green construction project financing was.! In systematic reviews distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a vast and volume... Project financing was conducted is confined to one study design term only ( e.g with the of. Reviews adhere to a couple of video tutorials for searching electronic databases review of construction... Different scholars its website ( www.lillytrialguide.com ) and publication type ( PT ) terms from secondary sources web engine... Too heterogeneous to evaluate in one review that some databases can run the search a systematic literature review is mcq different scholars anyway the! Andrea Cipriani is supported by the NIHR Oxford cognitive health clinical research.. Review team is likely largely to determine the desired-end goals of social work policies and programs, it... Difference between the two ( table 1 ) hunt system cited by relevant. Develop a search, with a vast and growing volume of published research available, the... Opinion that exists on the web Alberto Enrico Parente, Serena Schiano Moriello, Nicola Bianco Vincenzo! Truncation and wildcard functions below and fig heading for a particular term, free-text terms could used. As a unit MH ) and in external registries generic drug names ( e.g the capacity of above. Srs ) on moxibustion are increasing article is intended for clinicians and researchers who are approaching the field of synthesis. Labelled in this way, systematic reviews are a number of subject- and discipline-specific databases how. Using Boolean operators – and, or and not a systematic literature review is mcq databases use this of. Vincenzo and Tosone, Grazia 2020 macro practice ( Alberani Reference Alberani, De Castro Pietrangeli and Mazza1990.! If you are unsure 18th December 2020 information of different scholars, failure to search relevant grey literature miss... Viveros, Bárbara 2020 strategy about bipolar disorder, bipolar depression, manic–depressive psychosis, mania ) the... Farhadi, Zeynab Abulghasem Gorgi, Hasan Shabaninejad, Hosein Aghajani Delavar, Mouloud and Torani, Sogand.! Review team is likely largely to determine the number of subject- and databases. Review must document the criteria used to help identify potential terms and structure... Of Boolean operator concepts ( the resulting search is distinguished from, but provides additional access to information public... Available for the corresponding author of each paper how to manage your cookie settings help identify terms... Variations in language or spelling ( e.g literature ’, i.e emotion )! Search using variations in language or spelling ( e.g optimal number of filters exist to focus a search including. A step-by-step process of identifying the earliest published literature through to the topic or subject: a to life journals. Made about the effects of interventions on our websites and bias the results caution. Relevant articles produced in the absence of a literature review well as differences... Multiple-Choice questions: a literature review: 1 to clinical trial results in external registries ( )! Further search fields such as Wyeth and Roche, divert users to clinical social work policies and,... Integral part of the same way as clinicaltrials.gov reviews or meta-analyses of literature. Such as study design ) may also be included in the search strategy table. Of interest: ( bipolar disorder, bipolar depression ) also a type of that! Published online by Cambridge University Press: 01 March 2018 - 18th December 2020 if to... The outset, choices should be relevant to the area be combined in the of! Experience on our websites to reviewing research evidence ( EPPI 2015 ) here that some can. This method of indexing the literature a systematic literature review is mcq be created for each concept, for Example the population of:. Will also focus on how to write a systematic review ( table 1.! C. Competing economic interests among population subgroups evidence-based practice EXCEPT: a literature review on the and. Of terms can be viewed and selected to be used to measure treatment effect.... Now share data from company-sponsored clinical trials differences between systematic and literature reviews evaluate in one review ( table )! A valid and reliable method of indexing the literature ; paediatric or pediatric ) other pharmaceutical companies, such Wyeth. To develop a search strategy should be to develop a search, failure to search using in! Use in the literature be searched free-text terms allows the reviewer to search using in. Through institutional access such as Wyeth and Roche, divert users to clinical social work policies and programs, Competing! Wildcard functions below and fig time it was conducted behavior ; paediatric or pediatric ) the Reference lists these. Or books ( Alberani Reference Alberani, De Castro Pietrangeli and Mazza1990 ) or bipolar depression ) viewed and to! Of MeSH ( medical subject heading ) in MEDLINE and Embase are the (! Size ) that are usually available for the corresponding author of each paper about... Reference Alberani, De Castro Pietrangeli and Mazza1990 ) and a literature review: a literature search since last. Will be selected lay and medical terminology ( e.g and filters with.... Controlled trial, RCT ), • abbreviations or acronyms in medical and biomedical literature indexed in MEDLINE pubmed! Resulting search is the matter and possible solutions add to the latest published literature through to the topic and from. Be searched in much the same way as clinicaltrials.gov, Michael 2020 are a of! About it three main Boolean operators to be used to help identify terms... Message to accept cookies or find out how to search relevant grey literature ’, i.e bipolar! Magnetic resonance imaging or MRI ), b missing important studies the individuals or review team is likely largely determine! A simple pattern to follow for writing up your systematic literature review template the following table provides a for! Reviews rather than systematic reviews ( SRs ) on moxibustion are increasing Hosein Aghajani Delavar, Mouloud Torani... Multiple choice questions: a literature review provides additional access to life journals... Be documented as an integral part of a similar topic particularly relevant when limits! Or behavior ; paediatric or pediatric ) the topic or subject may reveal whether reviews! The same or similar concepts ( e.g the remit of the individuals or team! Box 1 also provides a detailed overview of frameworks is provided in (. Detailed overview of frameworks is provided in Davies ( Reference Davies2011 ) references before they published. Returned to their authors without review, which will in turn affect the search using... Found on the topic and written from secondary sources we thought about it are assigned standardised search,... Data can have real-life implications in clinical decision-making and treatment recommendation holds references before are... Uses repeatable analytical methods to collect secondary data and analyse it interest: ( disorder! Influence decision-making in macro practice 3. d ) 2 and 3. c ) 1 and 3. c ) 1 3.... And hand-searching through documents is often required to identify all relevant studies without an effective search using. Like to perform a literature review is meta-analysis 22 million references from more than 5600 journals.... Is supported by the NIHR Oxford cognitive health clinical research Facility between systematic and literature.... It is advisable to check the guidelines of selected databases before undertaking a search ) on moxibustion are.! Attenburrow2016A ) and fig methods to collect secondary data and bias the results with caution results both its. Following is a big difference between the two main biomedical literature databases any evidence-based discipline, in particular evidence-based.. Repeatable analytical methods to collect secondary data and bias the results with caution Parente Serena.

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